Obscuration rounds, or smoke rounds, create a smokescreen within the target area. All Rights Reserved. [4] The M252A1 also required less maintenance with its internal gears greaseless. USAA proudly serves millions of military members and their families with competitive rates on insurance, banking and investment services. The assistant gunner stands to the right of the mortar, facing the barrel and ready to load. The platoon commander retains responsibility for the control of the mortar unit /element's actions, to include positioning and displacement. The L16 81mm mortar is a British standard mortar used by the Canadian Army, British Army, and many other armed forces. Light mortars can be carried by a single soldier, and are found at the company level of some infantry units. The M2 60mm mortar of World War II was the first 60mm model fielded, to be followed by the M19 and M224 models. Air drop limitations. You must become a subscriber or login to view or post comments on this article. The M252 is the standard medium weight 81mm mortar in service with the U.S. military today. NATO member states, as well as countries supplied by western manufacturers, tend to use the 81 mm calibre medium mortar. CharacteristicsRanges:A. The Range Indicator NSN is 5840-01-458-6159. With robust designs and vintage classic style, discover the heritage of military timepieces today! The M252 Mortar System consists of the following major components: Page last modified: This mortar also uses the standard M64 mortar sight of the 60mm mortar, M224. The most common way of stopping the escape of the gases is to use a series of gas check bands. Because numbers and data can actually be fun and interesting, here are more facts about the M252 81mm mortar. College of Architecture refectory, Damascus University, Syria. [citation needed] The cannon also has a crew-removable breech plug and firing pin. Fired from three directions at the town of Sangin, but the exact firing points were not established. View down the smoothbore barrel of the L16 mortar. Field artillery has been called The King of Battle. And for good reason. Their twofold records include a written table of firing data, type, and number of rounds fired, and the safety pins pulled from each round to provide physical evidence to the accuracy of the table. This relationship is normally assigned for a specific mission or phase of an operation. Date/time of attack: [4] The M252A1 was scheduled to replace the M252 in 2016. The survivors had injuries to limbs and burns. Reported mortar attack, unspecified calibre. It originated as a joint design by the UK and Canada. 1 -- Weight, length, mass. Apple TV: The Top 13 Military Shows You Need to Binge-Watch, SITREP: What Russia Officer Casualties tell us about Leadership in the Russian Army, SITREP: The Lessons in a Single Downed Helicopter and Russias Clay Feet, Six Fatal Mistakes Russia Has Made in Ukraine, There Is No Easy Way To Counter Iranian Drones Striking Ukraine, If the US Thought Putins Nuclear Threats Were Serious, Here is what we would be doing, Sanctions Have Russia Building Frankenstein Tanks, Your Subscription Supports our Veteran Staff. However, in populated areas people gather in large numbers in relatively small and often semi-enclosed areas such as markets. PDF Introduction to Crew Served Weapons B3m4078 Student Handout However, massing of mortar fires outside the zone of action of the organic unit is difficult due to the limited range of the mortar. Max Effective Range: 81mm Mortar. Some mortar projectiles use a hard nylon obturating ring or obturator band, instead of gas check bands. It was adopted due to the extended range (from 4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and enhanced lethality. Remarks: http://www.srpska-mreza.com/library/facts/mark1-bind.html, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/06/world/66-die-as-shell-wrecks-sarajevo-market.html?pagewanted=all, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3459965.stm, http://www.gutenberg.us/articles/markale_massacre, http://www.justice-report.com/en/articles/karadzic-a-total-massacre-at-markale, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NutaoCMvt3Q, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plisitCQmRU, https://www.facebook.com/ICTYMKSJ/videos/1178819528800682, http://serbianna.com/analysis/archives/2459, https://iwpr.net/global-voices/mladic-trial-hears-witness-second-markale-attack, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToSSJIrWU78, https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/04/17/libya-indiscriminate-attacks-kill-civilians, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/28/damascus-university-attac_n_2970499.html, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/28/us-syria-crisis-students-idUSBRE92R0E020130328#GQIBk601YY679BGU.97, http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/03/28/Dead-wounded-in-Mortar-attack-on-Damascus-University.html, http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/03/28/17501181-Mortar-attacks-kill-students-in-cafeteria-at-syrias-damascus-university?lite, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/03/2013328112344701832.html, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/29/world/middleeast/damascus-students-killed-in-Mortar-strike.html?_r=0, http://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/syria-todays-damascus-university-Mortar-attack-showed-callous-disregard-civilians, http://www.france24.com/en/20130328-damascus-university-Mortar-fire-syria-assad, https://www.rt.com/news/syria-university-shell-students-987/, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-21964299, http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/28/world/meast/syria-civil-war/, http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/news/dead-and-wounded-in-damascus-university-Mortar-attack_13982, http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/damascus-syria-university-Mortar-451430, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2893298/20-wedding-guests-killed-scores-wounded-Mortar-rounds-fired-Afghanistan-army-attack-village.html, https://www.rt.com/news/219103-afghanistan-rocket-strike-wedding/, http://indianexpress.com/article/world/middle-east-africa/at-least-20-killed-at-wedding-in-afghanistan-army-Mortar-attack-on-taliban/, http://www.ibtimes.com/rocket-attack-kills-least-26-afghan-wedding-1771604, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2893298/20-wedding-guests-killed-scores-wounded-Mortar-rounds-fired-Afghanistan-army-attack-village.html#v-3967974318001, http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/10/21/yemens-houthi-rebels-violating-laws-of-war, https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/10/20/yemen-houthis-shell-civilians-southern-city. (PMID: 11885049) Suljevi I, Surkovi I. Attachment is used when a subordinate unit is operating beyond the effective range of the mortar weapon; e.g., a patrol an independent attack, or during the early phase of an amphibious operation. The M252 81 mm medium weight mortar is a British-designed smooth bore, muzzle-loading, high-angle-of-fire weapon used for long-range indirect fire support to light infantry, air assault, and airborne units across the entire front of a battalion zone of influence. Remarks: 11 August 2015, between 21:00 and 22:00. Used in night missions requiring illumination for assistance in observation. In the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps, it is normally deployed in the mortar platoon of an infantry battalion. 81mm mortar: 4500m, 5700m, or 6,000m 4.2" mortarL 4800m, 5500m, or 6500m . A Blast Attenuation Device (BAD) is attached to the muzzle of the cannon assembly to reduce the blast effects on the mortar crew. Location: M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar - Specifications [TMP] "Mortars: Effective Range?" Topic - The Miniatures Page The M224 60mm mortar was designed to fire all types of the older ammunition . The M224 rounds have two fuze types: the Multi-option Fuze (M734) and the Point-Detonating Fuze (M935). Mortars have a number of different designs in various calibres; this report highlights some of the most commonly encountered varieties of conventionally designed medium and heavy mortars specifically 81 mm and 82 mm medium mortars, and 120 mm heavy mortars. To increase cooling efficiency, the breech end is finned; though first-hand accounts attest that the level of cooling is negligible. The M252 has capable ranges of 83 meters minimum and 5,935 meters maximum. Balkans, Kuwait, Iraq, Afghanistan, Mali. 30 rpm. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. This report is concerned with medium and heavy mortars of 81, 82, and 120 mm in calibre. Max Effective Range 5700 m; Rate of fire 25 - 30 rpm (1st 1-2 min) Ammunition HE, WP, Smoke, Illumination; The mortar platoon, or an element thereof, may be attached to a subordinate unit of the battalion. The Army and Marines have developed a lighter version of the M252, the M252A1, and the M252A2, respectively. The U.S. military uses a variety of mortar calibers for infantry support. The M29A1 and M259 81-mm mortars are crew-served medium mortars capable of hitting targets at a greater range than the M224 60-mm mortar. 81mm Mortar Flashcards | Quizlet An increased amount of propellant will result in an increased range. 28 August 1995, 11:00. 2022 The SOFREP Media Group. 81 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 400 g and 680 g of HE and have a maximum range of approximately 6,500 m. 82 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 392 g and 680 g of HE and have maximum . What is the blast radius of a 81mm mortar? Twenty-eight casualties were taken to the State hospital; two of them died following reception. At approximately 13:45, an unknown number of high explosive mortar projectiles struck the refectory of the College of Architecture at Damascus University. The 81mm mortar has been used in recent conflicts around the world. Casualties: Whilst 100, 160, and 240 mm mortars are also employed in conflict zones, 120 mm calibre mortars are by far the most common heavy mortars in service globally. It is at the shoulder where the shape of the projectile is designed to prevent the gases produced by the propelling charge from escaping past the body of the projectile, and reducing its range. [4][5] In November 2016, the Watervliet Arsenal received a contract to produce the bipods which have an "A" shaped bipod frame with deliveries to be completed by March 2020. With a maximum rate of fire of 33 rounds per minute, and 16 rounds per minute over a sustained period of time, these mortars offer a high level of capability. Sustained Rate of Fire: 81mm Mortar. When the mortar platoon is in General Support [GS], it supports the entire battalion as directed by the battalion commander. The baseplate of a mortar stabilises the system, and helps prevent the barrel from being driven into the ground by the recoil of firing. Twenty-three died immediately and 104 were injured, of whom 76 were transported to the Koevo University Hospital. The M252 Mortar can fire the following principal classifications of training and service ammunition:[9]. This means that each infantry battalion has a mortar platoon providing indirect fire support for the other infantry companies in the battalion. In addition to loading, they swab the bore after 10 rounds have been fired or after each fire mission. They are also used to deny enemy movement and mobility in certain areas. Al Arabiya: http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/03/28/Dead-wounded-in-Mortar-attack-on-Damascus-University.html. The maximum effective firing range is 5,700 meters, with a minimum range of 80 meters (that's really close). By keeping the platoon in GS, the battalion commander retains flexibility, ease of coordination of fires, and the ability to mass fires. Minor damage to buildings around the street, but major damage to canteen area. Artillery wins battles and therefore could win wars. In the U.S. it is produced by Watervliet Arsenal. The M252 81 mm mortar, currently in use by Canada, UK and USA (source: GlobalSecurity.org). Each mortar requires a team of five infantrymen to properly field and operate it. The typical mortar projectile is widest at the tail, and just behind the shoulder of the body. A charge is a semi-circular donut of nitrocellulose, which resembles a puffy letter "C." A round for the M252 mortar comes with four charges attached. It was introduced in 1965/6, replacing the Ordnance ML 3 inch Mortar in UK service where it is used by the . 30rounds/min for 2min. Mortar, unspecified calibre. M29A1 / M259 81-mm Mortar - ARMY RANGERS With standard mortar, the maximum effective range is close to 4,000 metres; with a long-range system, this increases to nearly 4,500 metres. Range mortar fired from: Much like rifled firearms, rifled mortar barrels impart spin to projectiles as they move up the barrel, which can increase accuracy. Most mortars are restricted in elevation, and are only capable of firing at high-angle trajectories (above 45), meaning that they cannot be used in the direct fire support role (Jenzen-Jones, 2015). These are fired directly into the sky at night over a target area. For conventional fire, the range of the M224 is listed at 3,490 meters (approximately 2.17 miles) while a range of 1,340 meters is approximated for hand-held firing. M224, 60mm Mortar - Military Factory The gunner stands to the left of the mortar where they can manipulate the sight, traversing handwheel, and elevating handwheel. christian_elkins7. Sangin, Helmand Province, Afghanistan. A single 120 mm mortar projectile was fired into a market in the attack on 5 February 1994 in Sarajevo, killing 68 and injuring approximately 144 civilians (Fish, 2004). As the 81mm mortar can be employed and fired quickly it can unexpectedly shift the momentum of a battle when used effectively. Date/time of attack: 81mm Mortar - [PPT Powerpoint] - VDOCUMENT Some time between 21:00-22:00, a high explosive mortar projectile hit a house in the Al-Shamasi Neighbourhood. Maximum effective range: 3500m. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. Damaged one ambulance and three cars. At this caliber, the M252 81mm mortar is practically a light artillery piece. The version produced and used by Australia is named the F2 81mm Mortar, whilst the version used by the U.S. armed forces is known as the M252. An unknown number of mortar projectiles hit a wedding party that was being held on New Years Eve 2014. In addition they provide local security for the mortar position. . 81 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 400 g and 680 g of HE and have a maximum range of approximately 6,500 m. 82 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 392 g and 680 g of HE and have maximum ranges of between 3,000 5,500 m. 120 mm HE mortar projectiles generally contain anywhere between 1,270 g and 4,200 g of HE and have maximum ranges of between 7,200 9,500 m. 2,700 g RDX/TNT (HE Rocket- assisted, rifled), Conflict in Southeastern Europe at the End of the Twentieth Century: A Scholars Initiative Assesses Some of the Controversies (Association for the Study of Nationalities) 1st Edition, by Thomas Emmert (Editor), Charles Ingrao (Editor), Unlawful Attacks in Combat Situations: From the ICTYs Case Law to the Rome Statute, 2008, Hctor Olsolo, Shelling of the Markale Market in Sarajevo 5th February 1994 Review of Methods Used to Predict the Impact Velocity of the Mortar projectile Dr. DF Allsop, Defence Academy of the UK, Cranfield University, Medical aspects of the mass-scale civilian casualties at Sarajevo Markale market on August 28, 1995: triage, resuscitation, and treatment. generally speaking, medium mortars can fire at ranges of 100 m to 5500 m, while heavy mortars have a range of some 500 m to 7,000 m, so in other words 100 m to 5 km for medium and 1/2 km to 7 km for heavy, light mortars i.e. 23 cases were studied where mortars were involved. 22 terms. Special SOFREP Birthday Offer - Join Now . Casualties: Lukavica area at a range of between 3,000 and 5,000 m (UN Protection Force Investigations). Casualties: Al-Shamasi Neighbourhood, Taiz, Yemen. Firstly, altering the angle of the mortar barrel will affect how far the projectile will be able to travel. "120mm rounds can reach 7,200 meters and the kill radius spans 76 meters in diameter." All mortarmen follow the. [1] The mount consists of a base plate and a bipod, which is provided with screw type elevating and traversing mechanisms to elevate/traverse the mortar. 81mm mortar Bursting radius. One 81 mm high explosive mortar round (as determined by Human Rights Watch, based on remnants and impact marks). It is designed to be fired in the indirect fire mode, cannot be fired handheld, and norm ally utilizes a FDC. The incident killed 15 people and injured 20 more. The kill radius of the 10-pound HE round is approximately 35 meters. What is the range of a 105mm howitzer? Mortar projectiles often impact the target at a very steep angle, making mortars ideal weapons for firing over, into or out of defilade. Casualties: Thirdly, illumination rounds. For example, in my first firebase in Uruzgan, Afghanistan, we had an active mortar pit within the firebase for base defense. The M252 is an adaptation of the standard British 81mm mortar developed in the 1970s. Sustained rate is 20 rds per minute. San Antonio, TX 78288. and less desirable in urban environments. Range mortar fired from: M224 60mm Mortar | Military.com As a longstanding partner of armed forces around the globe, Rheinmetall supplies a wide array of mortar systems and ammunition. This brings them within the effective range of the projectile, explaining the terrible outcome in this example. Great generals throughout history have lauded the power and necessity of artillery in battle. Video of L16 81mm mortar fired by JGSDF soldiers during Orient Shield 2012, "Report: Profiling the Small Arms Industry - World Policy Institute - Research Project", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L16_81mm_mortar&oldid=1116522511, Military equipment introduced in the 1960s, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox weapon with unknown parameters, Articles with dead external links from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment, Fort Halstead (barrel and bipod), baseplate and spring buffered mounting clamp, 15 rpm, 112 rpm sustained, 20 rpm for short periods. 68 people were killed and approximately 144 people were injured. The M252 is highly accurate up to ranges of 4500m to 5700m depending on the Elevation is accomplished through the use of a screw-type elevation and traverse system. Attached to the muzzle of the weapon is the Blast Attenuation Device (BAD), used to reduce the blast effects on the mortar crew. A crew of three is recommended for maximum firing efficiency. 68 people killed, and approximately 144 people injured. Effective Casualty Radius: 81mm Mortar. These can also include infrared (IR) illumination, not visible to the naked eye without the use of other optic systems. 81mm mortar min range. Location: The answer is $25,000 a little higher than I had guessed, myself. 81mm mortar max rate of fire. Casualties: The round is used to illuminate targets during night operations. L16 81mm mortar | Military Wiki | Fandom A higher angle will result in a shorter range, and a lower angle will have the opposite effect. Other armies count on 81mm mortar families. We employed both 81mm and 120mm mortars. Most of the dead and injured came from a wedding party that was being held in the village. The M252 81mm Medium Extended Range Mortar is a crew-served, medium weight mortar which is highly accurate and provides for a greater range (4,500 meters to 5,650 meters) and lethality than the . L16 81mm mortar - Wikipedia Do not discount or underestimate the small and mighty mortar! Effective maximum ranges vary depending on the chosen method of fire (conventional or hand-held). However, in a fast moving operation, the mobility of mortars, coupled with their limited range capability, may be a restricting factor. The M734 is used for the M720 HE round and can be set to function as proximity burst, near-surface burst, impact burst, or delay burst. The maximum effective firing range is 5,700 meters, with a minimum range of 80 meters (thats really close). British army light role infantry battalions and the Royal Marines may transport their mortars in BvS 10 vehicles (the replacement for the Bv 206). They are ideal for attacking close in targets, targets on reverse slopes, and those targets in areas difficult to reach with low angle fire. 81mm Mortar Characteristics (1) Plt HQ (2) Sections: (4) squads per Section (1) Squad = (1) M252 82mm + (6) Marines Max Eff: 5,700m Minimum Range is 83 metersB. Residence and car. Eight of these patients died in the hospital reception area immediately upon arrival. One suffered a broken arm, one had fragment wounds to his chest and right leg, and one victim had fragment wounds to the left side of his back, his left calf, right ankle, and right hand. The rifled mortars can also fire smoothbore mortar projectiles, in which case the maximum ranges for the ammunition would be less than that for conventional smoothbore mortars, as more of the propellant gases would escape past the body of the projectile without imparting any energy to it. . They have the duty of preparing the ammunition (charge settings. 83m. Number of mortar shells fired: In addition to these three components, modern mortars may also employ a fire-control system (FCS) to help to improve accuracy, set-up times, and speed up the rate of fire. The M252 system weighs 91lb (41kg) completely assembled and is composed of the M253 Cannon (35lb, 16kg), M177 Mount (27lb, 12kg), M3A1 Baseplate (29lb, 13kg), and the M64A1 Sight Unit (2.5lb, 1.1kg). Unknown. 07-07-2011 02:46:05 ZULU. It replaced the older (WWII-era) 60mm M2 Mortar and the inaccurate M19 Mortar. These cover the period from February 1994 to August 2015, and the following countries and territories: Former Republic of Yugoslavia, Libya, Syria, Afghanistan and Yemen. The majority of those killed and injured were students. The main characteristics of these injuries were major destruction of tissue, massive haemorrhage, and haemorrhagic shock. It was introduced in 196566, replacing the Ordnance ML 3 inch Mortar in UK service, where it is used by the British Army, the Royal Marines and the RAF Regiment. 81mm Mortar Effectiveness - Combat Mission Archive #4 (2002 28 March 2013, 13:45. Mortars are indirect-fire weapon systems. And to piggyback on that little trivia tidbit, the average price of each 81mm HE round, is about $600. While the munition should nominally match the calibre of the mortar, there may be limitations on the amount of propellant that a given mortar can accept without damage. Kill/Suppression radius for Mortars - Combat Mission Battle for Further, in some cases, mortars might be more desirable than artillery or airstrikes, which can create more devastation. The house and a car were damaged in the incident. Figure 1. There is generally a thread that allows the barrel to be moved either left or right to adjust for azimuth, and a screw adjuster that allows the angle of firing to be moved up or down, so as to adjust for range. 5 February 1994, 12:15. Location: Weapon system: The mortar squad leader verifies the number of charges; then the assistant gunner drops the round down the muzzle of the tube. Former Warsaw Pact members, and countries supplied by former Warsaw Pact states and China, tend to use the 82 mm calibre medium mortar. One person killed from fragmentation wounds. These killed 20 people and injured another 40. This is the least desirable method of employment. Mortar fires can be massed on a target by the organic unit. 15 rpm. A maximum rate-of-fire of 30 rounds-per-minute is attainable for up to 2 minutes. How far can a 81mm mortar shoot? Range mortar fired from: The C-charges ignite, releasing hot, expanding gas which pushes against the obturating ring on the projectile, sealing the gas behind the projectile. Maximum Range is 5608 meters.
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